Major Minerals in India
Dear Friends,
In this article we will be covering a very important topic from the Geography part of the General Knowledge section i.e. List of Minerals found in different states of India. Around 1 to 2 questions from this topic are asked from this topic in every exam. Thus, the post is very important for the upcoming SSC Exam and other competitive Exam.
This is very useful for the General Knowledge / General Awareness section of LIC AAO, SSC CGL, Banking and all other various competitive exams. There are a lot of questions which are asked related to this Article.
Mineral Resource
• India is endowed with a rich variety of mineral resources due to its varied geological structure.
• On the basis of physical and chemical properties, minerals may be grouped under two main categories of metallics and non-metallics.
• Metallic minerals are sources of metals. Iron ore, copper, gold produce metal are included in this category. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous minerals. All those minerals which have iron content are known as ferrous such as iron ore itself and those which do not have iron content are non-ferrous such as copper, bauxite etc...
• Non-metallic minerals are those either organic in origin such as fossil fuels also known as mineral fuels which are derived from the buried animal and plant life such as coal and petroleum. Other type of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin such as mica, graphite, limestone etc...
Mineral Belts of India
(1) Central Belt:
• It is the 2nd largest mineral belt in India.
• Comprises of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• It has large deposits of Manganese, bauxite, limestone, marble, coal, gems (i.e.Panna), mica, iron ore, graphite, etc...
• It is the 2nd largest mineral belt in India.
• Comprises of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
• It has large deposits of Manganese, bauxite, limestone, marble, coal, gems (i.e.Panna), mica, iron ore, graphite, etc...
(2) North-Eastern Peninsular Belt:
• It is the richest mineral belt of India.
• Comprises of Chotanagpur plateau and Orissa plateau in Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa.
• The Chhotanagpur plateau is known as the mineral heart land of India, also Ruhr of India.
• It contains large quantities of coal, iron,mica, manganese, bauxite, Copper, Chromites, and Kyanite.
(3) South-Western Belt:
• Southern Karnataka and Goa are included.
• It has deposits of iron-ore and clay.
(4) Southern Belt:
• It comprises mostly of Karnataka plateau and contiguous Tamil Nadu upland.
• It lacks coal deposits except lignite at Neyveli (T.N.).
• It is more or less similar to north Eastern belt as far as deposits of ferrous minerals and bauxite is concerned.
(5) North-West Belt:
• It Extends along the Aravallis in Rajasthan and in adjoining parts of Gujarat.
• Important minerals of this Belt are – Copper, lead, zinc, Uranium, mica, bauxite, gypsum, manganese, salt.
(6) The Indian Ocean
• Along with availability of petroleum and natural gas in the offshore areas the sea bed contains manganese nodules, phosphorite nodules and barium sulphate concentration
• The best quality nodules are found in water depths of more than 4km.
• Phosphate nodules are mainly found near Andaman Islands.
Distribution of minerals in India
• It comprises mostly of Karnataka plateau and contiguous Tamil Nadu upland.
• It lacks coal deposits except lignite at Neyveli (T.N.).
• It is more or less similar to north Eastern belt as far as deposits of ferrous minerals and bauxite is concerned.
(5) North-West Belt:
• It Extends along the Aravallis in Rajasthan and in adjoining parts of Gujarat.
• Important minerals of this Belt are – Copper, lead, zinc, Uranium, mica, bauxite, gypsum, manganese, salt.
(6) The Indian Ocean
• Along with availability of petroleum and natural gas in the offshore areas the sea bed contains manganese nodules, phosphorite nodules and barium sulphate concentration
• The best quality nodules are found in water depths of more than 4km.
• Phosphate nodules are mainly found near Andaman Islands.
Distribution of minerals in India
Iron
About 95% of total Iron reserves is found in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj, and Jhar are the major iron ore regions in Odisha and the important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar), and Bonai (Sundergarh).
Gua (Pashchimi Singhbhum) and Noamundi (Poorbi Singhbhum) are important mines in Jharkhand.
Dalli, Rajhara in Durg district are the important mines of Chhattisgarh.
Sandur-Hospet area of Ballari district, Baba Budan hills, and Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district, and parts of Shivamogga are the important iron ore regions in Karnataka.
The districts of Chandrapur, Bhandara, and Ratnagiri are the regions in Maharashtra.
Other iron ore regions in India are Karimnagar and Warangal district of Telangana, Kurnool, Cuddapah, and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh, and Salem and Nilgiris districts of Tamil Nadu.
Manganese
Odisha is the leading producer of Manganese.
Bonai, Kendujhar, Sundergarh, Gangpur, Koraput, Kalahandi, and Bolangir are the regions in Odisha.
About 95% of total Iron reserves is found in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu.
Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj, and Jhar are the major iron ore regions in Odisha and the important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar), and Bonai (Sundergarh).
Gua (Pashchimi Singhbhum) and Noamundi (Poorbi Singhbhum) are important mines in Jharkhand.
Dalli, Rajhara in Durg district are the important mines of Chhattisgarh.
Sandur-Hospet area of Ballari district, Baba Budan hills, and Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district, and parts of Shivamogga are the important iron ore regions in Karnataka.
The districts of Chandrapur, Bhandara, and Ratnagiri are the regions in Maharashtra.
Other iron ore regions in India are Karimnagar and Warangal district of Telangana, Kurnool, Cuddapah, and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh, and Salem and Nilgiris districts of Tamil Nadu.
Manganese
Odisha is the leading producer of Manganese.
Bonai, Kendujhar, Sundergarh, Gangpur, Koraput, Kalahandi, and Bolangir are the regions in Odisha.
Nagpur, Bhandara, Ratnagiri districts are the major regions of manganese in Maharashtra.
Dharwar, Ballari, Belagavi, North Canara, Shivamogga, Chitradurg, Tumkur, and Chikkmagaluru are major manganese regions in Karnataka.
Balaghat-Chhindwara-Nimar-Mandla, and Jhabua districts are the important manganese regions of Madhya Pradesh.
Bauxite
Odisha is the largest producer of Bauxite in India.
Lohardaga (Jharkhand) is rich in bauxite deposits.
Kalahandi, Sambalpur, Bolangir, and Koraput are the leading producers of bauxite in Odisha.
Amarkantak plateau has rich deposits of bauxite in Chhattisgarh.
Katni-Jabalpur area and Balaghat are the major regions of bauxite in Madhya Pradesh.
Kolaba, Thane, Ratnagiri, Satara, Pune, and Kolhapur in Maharashtra are important bauxite producers.
Copper
Copper deposits are largely concentrated in Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, Balaghat district of Madhya Pradesh, Alwar districts of Rajasthan and Jhunjhunu
Mica
Jaipur to Bhilwara and areas around Udaipur are the major mica-bearing regions of Rajasthan
Hazaribagh plateau of Jharkhand and Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh have depos of high grade mica.
Other mica-bearing regions are Mysore and Hasan districts of Karnataka; Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli, Madurai, and Kanniyakumari of Tamil Nadu; Alleppey of Kerala; Ratnagiri of Maharashtra; Purulia and Bankura of West Bengal.
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